In pavement design, what does 'cross-slope' refer to?

In pavement design, 'cross-slope' is specifically defined as the transverse slope of the road that facilitates rainwater drainage. This slope is critical for effective water management, ensuring that precipitation flows off the pavement surface and away from the roadway, thereby reducing the potential for ponding and erosion. An appropriate cross-slope allows water to drain into drainage ditches, curb and gutter systems, or other designed outlets, which minimizes the risk of water-related damage to the pavement infrastructure.

In terms of pavement design, maintaining the right cross-slope is integral for durability and safety; it influences skid resistance and can enhance the longevity of the roadway surface by preventing water accumulation that could weaken the materials over time. Properly designed cross-slopes typically range from 1% to 2%, which is adequate for draining water without hindering vehicle movement.

The other options discuss related concepts but do not accurately represent the definition of cross-slope. Understanding the role and importance of cross-slope in pavement design is essential for anyone involved in highway construction and maintenance.