Which method is commonly used to increase the load-bearing capacity of soils?

Increasing the load-bearing capacity of soils is essential for supporting structures and ensuring they remain stable under loads. Piling or soil improvement techniques are widely recognized methods for achieving this goal.

Piling involves driving structural elements deep into the ground, which allows for the transfer of loads to more stable soil layers or bedrock, thereby increasing overall strength. Soil improvement techniques, such as soil compaction, grouting, or stabilization, alter the physical properties of the soil, enhancing its ability to withstand loads. These methods enable engineers to design safer and more durable foundations, particularly in areas where natural soil conditions are inadequate.

The other methods listed do not effectively address the load-bearing capacity in a significant or engineered manner. Adding more vegetation may enhance soil stability through root systems but generally does not provide the same level of support as engineered solutions. Decreasing roadway width might reduce some load but does not directly improve soil capacity. Using decorative gravel serves aesthetic purposes and does not fundamentally increase strength or support in the underlying soil. Therefore, piling and soil improvement techniques are the most effective means for increasing the load-bearing capacity of soils in construction and engineering projects.